AATEX Journal Back Number

Alternatives to Animal Testing and Experimentation (AATEX), a official scientific journal of the Japanese Society for Alternatives to Animal Experimentations (JSAAE).
The journal AATEX publishes academic articles on the development and implementation of alternatives to the use of animals for scientific purposes based on the Three Rs and informs on international developments in this field.
The term Three Rs are to:
1. Reduction, which refers to obtaining comparable levels of information from fewer animals, and
2.Refinement, which refers to methods for alleviating potential pain, suffering, or distress of animals used in experiments,
3. Replacement, which refers to the use of non-animal methods whenever possible.

ISSN Online ISSN: 2185-4726
Print ISSN: 1344-0411